How is Acupuncture Linked to Cancer Prevention
The health benefits of Acupuncture are well-recognized, particularly for chronic pain, anxiety and more. But what about for cancer? While direct evidence linking acupuncture to cancer prevention remains limited, emerging research suggests that acupuncture may exert its anti-cancer effects through pathways such as modulating our immune system, reducing inflammation, and regulating our stress responses. Let's dive in to take a closer look at the current evidence for acupuncture's indirect effects on cancer prevention.
Cancer is a constantly evolving field - there are numerous new targeted therapies for many specific types of cancer. However, early detection and diagnosis continue to remain key features that influence the best clinical outcomes and patient survival. In Part 1, we reviewed the strong evidence for acupuncture benefiting people who are dealing with the side-effects of cancer and the side-effects of cancer treatment. How might acupuncture work to prevent cancer?
Immune Modulation
Acupuncture has been shown to modulate immune function, which plays a crucial role in cancer surveillance and defense. A recent review of the effect of stimulating the stomach 36 acu-point demonstrated improvement of the inflammatory state through the MAPK signaling pathway which influences macrophages, T-lymphocytes and and mast cells of the immune system. Furthermore, acupuncture may regulate the production of cytokines and other signaling molecules involved in immune regulation, potentially inhibiting tumor growth and the progression metastasis.
Inflammation Reduction
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of cancer development and progression. Acupuncture has been proposed to mitigate inflammation by regulating the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and promoting anti-inflammatory pathways. Animal and clinical studies have reported reductions in inflammatory markers following acupuncture treatment, suggesting its potential to create an unfavorable microenvironment for tumor initiation and growth.
Stress Response Regulation
Psychological stress has been implicated in cancer susceptibility and recurrence through its impact on immune function, inflammation, and hormone secretion. A review reported Acupuncture to be one of several modalities including yoga, meditation and tai chi that reduce cortisol by regulating the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system. By promoting relaxation and reducing stress hormones such as cortisol, acupuncture may create an environment less conducive to cancer development and progression.
Hormonal Balance
Several cancers, such as breast and prostate cancer, are hormone-sensitive and influenced by hormonal imbalances. A meta-analysis of reports in breast cancer demonstrated that acupuncture can improve hormonal therapy side effects. While evidence supporting the direct influence of acupuncture on hormone-related cancers is limited, its potential to restore hormonal balance warrants further investigation.
Neuroendocrine Regulation
The neuroendocrine system plays a vital role in cancer progression by influencing tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Acupuncture has been proposed to regulate neuroendocrine function through its effects on neurotransmitter release and receptor sensitivity. Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that acupuncture may modulate neuroendocrine pathways implicated in cancer development, although further research is needed to elucidate its precise mechanisms.
Controversial Findings
While accumulating evidence supports the potential benefits of acupuncture in cancer prevention and recurrence, controversies exist regarding its efficacy and mechanisms of action. It is important to note that individual variations in acupuncture response and study design may influence outcomes.
Take Home Points
Acupuncture holds promise as a complementary approach to cancer prevention and recurrence by modulating immune function, reducing inflammation, regulating stress responses, balancing hormones, and regulating neuroendocrine pathways. Collaborative efforts between traditional Chinese medicine practitioners and oncologists are essential to optimize patient outcomes and improve quality of life in the cancer journey.